Norway spruce
Picea abies
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Low |
Dense evergreen for rural screening and shelter, including coastal sites slightly back from direct sea winds; it becomes a very large tree and is unsuitable for small sites. [7] [8] [13] |
Scots pine
Pinus sylvestris
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Low |
Evergreen tree screening for exposed, well-drained sites, including coastal locations slightly back from the sea; it matures into a large tree with an irregular outline. [7] [14] |
Sitka spruce
Picea sitchensis
Evergreen |
40–60cm+ per year
High |
Low |
Large evergreen for exposed coastal shelter and screening on moist sites; its enormous ultimate size makes it unsuitable for ordinary gardens. [8] [9] [15] |
Maritime pine
Pinus pinaster
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Low |
Large evergreen for sandy sites with full exposure to sea winds; its broad, increasingly open crown makes it unsuitable for a narrow, dense screen. [7] [16] |
Serbian spruce
Picea omorika
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Low |
A relatively narrow conifer for tall screening, including coastal sites slightly back from direct sea winds; it still becomes a very tall tree and needs shelter from cold, drying winds. [7] [17] |
Western hemlock
Tsuga heterophylla
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Low |
Shade-tolerant evergreen for moist, sheltered screening; it can exceed 30m and is unsuitable for confined sites. [18] |
Douglas fir
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Evergreen |
40–60cm+ per year
High |
Low |
Large evergreen for tall screening and shelterbelts on spacious sites; it grows beyond 12m with a spread over 8m, making it impractical for ordinary gardens. [8] [19] |
Grand fir
Abies grandis
Evergreen |
40–60cm+ per year
High |
Low |
Tall, narrow-conical evergreen for large-scale screening on moist, well-drained ground; it eventually exceeds 12m with a spread over 8m. [1] [20] |
Japanese red cedar
Cryptomeria japonica
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Low |
Conical evergreen for screening on moist, sheltered sites; the species becomes a large tree over 12m tall, so it is unsuitable for narrow boundaries. [21] |
Noble fir
Abies procera
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Low |
Blue-foliaged conifer for estate or forestry screening in cool, moist and exposed sites; slow establishment and poor performance on dry ground are the main drawbacks. [1] [22] |
Blue spruce
Picea pungens Glauca
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Low |
Prickly blue-grey evergreen for open, sunny and exposed sites; it reaches about 15m with a 4–8m spread, so it is unsuitable for narrow boundaries. [23] |
Fraser fir
Abies fraseri
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Low |
Evergreen group screen for cool, moist sites; drought and poorly drained soils are major limitations. [1] [24] |
Macedonian pine
Pinus peuce
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Low |
Dense, narrow-pyramidal evergreen for exposed, well-drained sites; it can reach about 30m and spread over 8m, so it is not a narrow hedge. [25] |
Nordmann fir
Abies nordmanniana
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Low |
Large, symmetrical evergreen for moist, well-drained and sheltered sites; its ultimate size makes it unsuitable for confined gardens. [26] |
Silver fir
Abies alba
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Low |
Very tall evergreen for cool, spacious sites with moist, well-drained acidic soil; its ultimate size makes it unsuitable for ordinary gardens. [5] [27] |
Atlas cedar
Cedrus atlantica
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Average |
Evergreen specimen screen for estates and very large gardens; it needs ample space to reach its full potential and is unsuitable for narrow boundaries. [28] |
Mountain gum
Eucalyptus dalrympleana
Evergreen |
40–60cm+ per year
High |
Average |
Evergreen screening tree that can be coppiced or pollarded to control its size; without regular management it exceeds 12m and develops a 4–8m spread. [29] [30] |
Western red cedar
Thuja plicata
Evergreen |
40–60cm+ per year
High |
Average |
Dense evergreen hedge and shelter for exposed coastal sites; it needs regular trimming and becomes a very large tree if left uncut. [2] [7] [31] |
Hawthorn
Crataegus monogyna
Deciduous; dense thorny winter framework |
40–60cm+ per year
High |
Average |
Thorny wildlife hedge for rural and exposed coastal boundaries; as a deciduous plant, it provides less complete winter privacy than an evergreen. [7] [32] |
Beech
Fagus sylvatica
Deciduous; clipped plants retain many brown leaves |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Average |
Formal hedge with useful winter leaf retention when clipped; choose hornbeam instead on very heavy or wet soil. [2] [33] |
Cherry laurel
Prunus laurocerasus
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Average |
Broad, dense evergreen hedge for sun or partial shade; it can spread over 8m if unpruned and is harmful if eaten. [34] |
Portuguese laurel
Prunus lusitanica
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Average |
Dense evergreen hedge for sun or partial shade and a wide range of well-drained soils; it is harmful if eaten and needs regular hedge pruning. [35] |
Gorse
Ulex europaeus
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Average |
Thorny evergreen screening for poor sandy soils and exposed coastal sites; it is an informal shrub limited to about 2.5m rather than a tall, neatly clipped screen. [7] [36] |
Hornbeam
Carpinus betulus
Deciduous; clipped plants retain some brown leaves |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Average |
Dense hedge for heavy or wet soils and exposed sites; it retains fewer dead leaves through winter than beech. [33] [37] |
Yew
Taxus baccata
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Above average |
Dense evergreen hedge for sun or shade that tolerates exposure and can be trimmed and shaped; it is toxic if eaten. [38] |
Milkflower cotoneaster
Cotoneaster lacteus
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Average |
Bushy evergreen screen with white flowers and red berries; its spreading habit makes it unsuitable for a very narrow boundary. [39] |
Oval-leaf privet
Ligustrum ovalifolium
Semi-evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Above average |
Dense semi-evergreen hedge for sun or partial shade; it needs pruning two or three times during the growing season and may lose more foliage in cold winters. [2] [40] |
Leylandii – green/gold
× Cuprocyparis leylandii
Evergreen |
40–60cm+ per year
High |
Above average |
Dense evergreen hedge for year-round screening; it needs regular trimming and will not regrow from old, bare wood. [2] [41] |
Holm oak
Quercus ilex
Evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Above average |
Evergreen hedge or tree screen for exposed coastal sites; it develops a massive rounded crown if left to grow as a tree. [7] [42] |
Wild privet
Ligustrum vulgare
Semi-evergreen |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Above average |
Native, bushy wildlife hedge; it is deciduous or semi-evergreen and may lose most of its leaves in colder winters. [2] [43] |
Common juniper
Juniperus communis
Evergreen |
10–20cm per year
Low |
Above average |
Evergreen for dry, chalky or sandy sites with free-draining soil; its habit varies from spreading to columnar or bushy, making it less predictable as a uniform screen. [1] [44] |
Copper beech
Fagus sylvatica Purpurea
Deciduous; clipped plants retain many brown leaves |
20–40cm per year
Average |
Above average |
Formal hedge with copper-purple foliage and useful winter leaf retention; like green beech, it performs poorly on very heavy or wet ground. [2] [33] [45] |
Box
Buxus sempervirens
Evergreen |
10–20cm per year
Low |
Above average |
Dense evergreen hedging for low or medium screens; box blight and box-tree caterpillar are major drawbacks. [46] |
Holly
Ilex aquifolium
Evergreen |
10–20cm per year
Low |
Above average |
Dense, prickly evergreen hedge for shade and coastal sites with some protection from direct sea winds; male and female plants are usually both needed if berries are wanted. [7] [47] |